Technology policy: patent protection and industrial R&D subsidies in Turkey

Some developing economies (especially East Asian Countries) have long imitated western technology. It means that these economies adopted an imitative attitude to new industrial technologies with regard to technology policies. Some changes recently have occurred. Asian economies such as South Korea and Taiwan begin to become fast innovators. Since this development that stimulates the imitation of technology makes worried some rich countries, some measures against this development have been taken by the global economic institutions which are driven by rich countries. In the process of globalization, the main measures, which focus on industrial property rights and industrial R&D subsidies, have been insisted on developing countries by WTO and etc. The present paper examines how national technology policy in Turkey is affected by the globalization process and proposes an evaluation on the pros and cons of patent system and industrial R&D subsidies.Turkey; Technology; Technology Policy; R&D Subsidy; Patent Protection

THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF TURKEY’S INDUSTRIAL POLICY TOWARDS EU MEMBERSHIP:IS IT REALISTIC OR NOT?

Generally, “industrial policy” can be defined as government interventions to promote industrial development beyond what would be realized by free market conditions. In the globalisation processes, physical-resource-based industries are declining, while high-tech industries and services are fastly increasing. In the new techno-economic paradigm based on information & telecommunications technologies, innovative activities such as absorption-reproduction of new technologies and industrial research and development (R&D) have become key to international industrial competitiveness. So that, Turkey’s industrial policy that integreted with technology policy should realize the technological competence and industrial deepening (structural change) as a shift from labour and resource-based products to high-tech-based products. In 2003, T.R Prime Ministry, State Planning Organization published a document is titeled Industrial Policy For Turkey (Towards EU Membership). The aim of this paper is to criticize “Industrial Policy For Turkey”. The objectives and principles of Industrial Policy For Turkey will be reviewed in the context that either theoretical framework or Turkey’s industrial structure, institutional framework, incentive instruments and legal-administrative measures.Industrial and Technology Policy; EU Industrial Policy; Turkish Industrial Policy

An Interpretation on Nobel Prizes in Economic Sciences

Since the neoclassical economics dominants in the literature, its scientific power can be possible sanctify by Nobel prizes. So it’s a normal process that the Nobel prizes reflect the new trends in economics. When the causal relationship between powerfull of orthodoxy and nobel prizes in economics turns over, an interesting case study occurs. The main purpose of the studuy is to discuss that how Nobel prizes effect on methods, trends and problems of economic analysis. So some arrguments based on the interest areas of the nobel laureates will be developed and some empirical observations will be introduced in this paper.Nobel Prizes in Economics; Orthodox Paradigm; Neoclassical Economics

Economic planning in Turkey: is there a need for the State Planning Organization?

IMF ve Dünya Bankası, özellikle 1980'lerden sonra gelişmekte olan birçok ülkede kendi tasarladığı ekonomi politikalarını dayatma şansı bulmuştur. Uygulatılan bu politikaların özünde liberalleştirme, özelleştirme, para ve maliye politikalarında kontrol gücünün bazı uluslar üstü kurumlara devredilmesi, yani kısaca ulus devletin ekonomideki kalkınmacı rolünün tasfiye edilmesi olgusu bulunmaktadır. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler için kalkınma söylemi ve uygulamalarının yerini küresel pazara uyum sağlama ideali almaktadır. Ulusal kalkınma planlaması da bu süreçte hızla önemini kaybetmekte ve dönüşüm yaşamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, dünyada ve Türkiye'de iktisadi planlamanın evrimi bağlamında, Türkiye'de ulusal kalkınma planlaması ve DPT kurumlarının işlevsiz hale gelmesinin dinamikleri incelenecektir.IMF-World Bank's economic policies have been more closely applied in many developing economies since 1980's. Particularly, the practics of liberalization and privatization have been insisted by those institutions to many countries in the globalization process. Therefore national development plannig has lost its place in the increasingly globalized world. Consequently, there have been vital reflections of their insistent economic policies on Turkey's development strategy and planning actions. The aim of this study is to examine some effects of neo-liberal economic policies on the national development planning and the State Planning Organization in Turkey

IMPACT OF PRIVATIZATION ON R&D ACTIVITIES: THE CASE OF TURKISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY

The debates surrounding privatization have generally focused on comparison of the productivity performances of public and private firms in different countries on the bases of quantitative methods. The main purpose of this paper is to draw attention to a very important repercussion of foreign ownership through privatization that is the changing nature of the privatized firms’ R&D activities in a strategically very important industrial sector in a developing country. After presenting the case studies conducted in the two most important Turkish telecommunication equipment manufacturing firms with the background of the sector’s development history in Turkey, the paper will exhibit the impact of foreign ownership on the nature of firms’ R&D activities after privatization as a result of the parent firm’s global firm strategy. Finally, it will draw policy implications of such changes for developing countries’ technology capability development efforts as well as the countries’ technological dependence in a strategically important industry.Turkey; telecommunications industry; privatization; foreign ownership; R&D activities

ECONOMIC PLANNING IN TURKEY :IS THERE A NEED THE STATE PLANNING ORGANIZATION?

IMF-World Bank’s economic policies have been more closely applied in many developing economies since 1980’s. Particularly, the practics of liberalization and privatization have been insisted by those institutions to many countries in the globalization process. Therefore national development plannig has lost its place in the increasingly globalized world. Consequently, there have been vital reflections of their insistent economic policies on Turkey’s development strategy and planning actions. The aim of this study is to examine some effects of neo-liberal economic policies on the national development planning and the State Planning Organization in TurkeyEconomic Planning; IMF-World Bank; Turkish Economy; the State Planning Organization

The Consequences of IMF's Policies in the Globalization Process: The Case of Azerbaijan

IMF’s policies through to the World Economy have been changed in the globalization processes. Those policies have been applied in transition economies such as Russia, Bulgaria, Romania, Azerbaijan since the begining of 1990's. Particularly Azerbaijan, an attraction center for the foreign capitals because of its rich oil rezerves, is the interesting case for examining the applications and the implications of IMF’s policies. The aim of this study is to analyse some consequences of IMF’s reform policies in azerbaijan economy. Although IMFstyle stabilization policies have been applied successfuly, there have been occured an unbalanced growth between the oil sector and the other sectors in the transition period. In Azerbaijan, the share of the oil sector in the production of GDP is increased from 16% to 37% between 1995 and 2001. This increase might be considered as favourable, but on the other hand, the drop of non-oil sector’s share from 13% to 6% must be considered a serious problem for Azerbaijan economy. Additionally wealth gained by oil production has been spent on nontradable goods in Azerbaijan, their prices relative to those of tradable goods prices have rised. Since the real exchange rate would appreciate, international competitiveness of tradable good sectors seems to be decreasing. In the literature, this phenomenon is called 'Dutch Disease' which will drive to Azerbaijan economy more, to be depended on IMF’s policies and foreign debt in the future.Globalization; IMF's Policies; Azerbaijan Economy; Dutch Disease

The Role of IMF-World Bank Structural Adjustment Policies in The Transformation of Turkey’s Development Perception

Implementation of structural adjustment policies in Developing Countries (DCs) signifies a rupture from the development, modernisation and industrialisation policies which were under state’s control, contrary to the industrialised states’ experiences. Even though the intensity and extension of the state intervention vary, the very rupture engendered by structural adjustment policies has created many important influences in the states that have experienced this break-off pertaining to the protection of industry, marketing of agricultural products, distribution of foreign currencies and loans, arrangement of the foreign trade operations, arrangements related to the outside capital, technology and labour markets and collective agreements (Ghai, 1995:50). All these matters have become the objects of the transformation being experienced in the DCs’ development perception. The planned industrialisation and modernisation model basing upon import substitution that was put into effect in Turkey as from the early 1960s has toppled into a severe crisis as a result of the adjustment problems that became evident during the oil crisis of the early 1970s. Firstly, the growth rate slowed down, then it turned negative, inflation began to increase and since it was hardly possible to allocate funds for the funding of importation scarcity of goods has emerged in the internal market. Along with the chronic economic and socio-political crisis Turkey has come to the threshold of the parting of the ways in 1980. The Stability Measures of the 24th of January 1980, along with the acceleration of the military intervention of the 12th September, beyond maintaining short-term economic stability, also undertook a mission of launching “structural adjustment” and of changing long-term accumulation regime. Even though IMF supported stability programmes had been implemented before 1980 as a result of the relations with IMF, the 1980 programme and its aftermath differ by its content and influences; the structural adjustment policies of the IMF and World Bank became determinant on Turkey’s economic policies as from this date. (Soyak, 2006:140).Development Planning and Policies, Structural Adjustment Policies,IMF and World Bank, Turkey

Economic Crises and IMF’s Economic Policies: The Reflections on a Quarterly Publication of IMF and World Bank “Finance and Development

Since the beginning of the economic crises in the capitalist system, the causes of the crises have been particularly important issue for many economists. Many economists have analysed the dynamics of the crises from the different theoretical perspectives such as Marxist, Neo-classical and Keynesian. This study aims to draw attention to another aspect of the crises related with IMF-World Bank’s economy policies and their publication activities. The main purpose of this paper is determine the reflections of their insistent economy policies on “Finance and Development” in the crisis periods.Economic Crises; IMF’s Economic Policies; Finance&Development

Türkiye'de İktisadi Planlama : DPT'ye İhtiyaç Var Mı?

IMF-World Bank's economic policies have been more closely applied in many developing economies since 1980's. Particularly, the practics of liberalization and privatization have been insisted by those institutions to many countries in the globalization process. Therefore national development plannig has lost its place in the increasingly globalized world. Consequently, there have been vital reflections of their insistent economic policies on Turkey's development strategy and planning actions. The aim of this study is to examine some effects of neo-liberal economic policies on the national development planning and the State Planning Organization in Turkey.IMF ve Dünya Bankası, özellikle 1980'lerden sonra gelişmekte olan birçok ülkede kendi tasarladığı ekonomi politikalarını dayatma şansı bulmuştur. Uygulatılan bu politikaların özünde liberalleştirme, özelleştirme, para ve maliye politikalarında kontrol gücünün bazı uluslar üstü kurumlara devredilmesi, yani kısaca ulus devletin ekonomideki kalkınmacı rolünün tasfiye edilmesi olgusu bulunmaktadır. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler için kalkınma söylemi ve uygulamalarının yerini küresel pazara uyum sağlama ideali almaktadır. Ulusal kalkınma planlaması da bu süreçte hızla önemini kaybetmekte ve dönüşüm yaşamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, dünyada ve Türkiye'de iktisadi planlamanın evrimi bağlamında, Türkiye'de ulusal kalkınma planlaması ve DPT kurumlarının işlevsiz hale gelmesinin dinamikleri incelenecektir